Measures for All Transmission Routes

• Establish a dedicated isolation room (preferably with a direct to outside or alternate entrance in a lower-traffic area)
• Place dedicated equipment within the isolation room
• Place hand hygiene and cleaning and disinfection resources near exam rooms to improve compliance
• Install (or use) nonporous materials for work surfaces and floors for more effective disinfection

Additional Measures for Aerosol Transmission

Isolation room with separate ventilation (negative-pressure ventilation possibly an additional benefit)

Measures for All Transmission Routes

• Develop and implement infection control policies and procedures (written infection control plan)
• Provide staff training on infection control protocols: isolation, infectious disease outbreaks, use of PPE, disinfection procedures, proper animal handling and restraint
• Limit staff access to patients with suspected or known infectious diseases
• Place signs to deter unauthorized persons from entering isolation areas
• Limit and control infectious patient transport throughout the hospital to essential purposes only
• Require hand hygiene between patients
• Provide rabies pre-exposure vaccination for staff
• Establish effective waste management and soiled laundry protocols
• Implement proper disinfection protocols for equipment, work areas, and traffic areas

Additional Measures for Vector-Borne Transmission

Remove vectors from infested patients

Measures for All Transmission Routes

• Use gloves and gowns when in contact with infected animals, their bodily fluids, or contaminated surfaces/equipment or bedding
• Use higher levels of protection (e.g., masks, eye protection) when performing necropsies, dental procedures, obstetrics, or other procedures for which there is a splash or aerosol hazard depending on the target pathogen

Additional Measures for Aerosol Transmission

Use gloves, gowns, masks, and eye protection as appropriate for the pathogen

Additional Measures for Vector-Borne Transmission

Use gloves when performing vector removal or extermination tasks